It reads like a scene from Orwell: administrative censors approving every word that goes to print, unpopular or provocative opinions stripped from the pages, the freedom of the press choked in the grip of funding threats. Fiction? Probably. But college newspapers moved one step closer to losing their independence last week when the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that universities may influence the content of their subsidized publications. The decision was a striking blow to free press and reinforces the need for college papers to gain financial independence. Yet even if administrators have gained new censorship authority, they should not, and must not, exercise it.
The ruling centered on an interpretation of a 1988 Supreme Court case which established that high school newspapers could have their content censored, but seemed to protect their collegiate counterparts. Last Monday, the appeals court upheld a situation where a university administration approved every article before the paper could be printed. In lay terms, the argument for extending censorship to higher education says that universities which choose to subsidize a private forum at public expense retain some editorial control over that forum.
This misses the point entirely.
Newspapers serve the public good. Yes, it’s undeniable that student newspapers occasionally display bad judgment or offend people. Every year a few outrageous opinion columns run, and every year a few papers get a bit too lewd. This is not justification for prior restraint. Rather, it is a chance for honest conversations. A learning environment is richest when saturated with challenging perspectives. College is all about being exposed to those new points of view and debating them openly and frankly. But the minute administrations begin to flex their censorship muscle, the integrity of the newspaper’s reporting implodes. The marketplace of ideas cannot function when administrations enforce a monopoly. Readers cannot respect articles which have been whittled of everything critical.
Simply put, what the university is creating in a newspaper is an educational opportunity. For many institutions, U.Va. included, the student newspaper is the journalism school. This is the embodiment of higher education’s ideal: students independently taking the initiative to tackle reporting, editing, advertising, internal organization andpublic relations â- all without so much as a faculty mentor. Take away the independence and you neuter the experience.
It’s doubtful that the Orwellian vision will ever truly come to fruition, but leaving editorial control to administrators who serve very different interests than students and likely have no journalistic background is a frightening prospect. Ultimately, the only way for college papers to secure inalienable sovereignty is to become fully financially independent. This is not as easy as it sounds; it took an extremely public crisis for The Cavalier Daily to escape from the oversight of former President Frank Hereford’s Media Board. Nonetheless, this must be the goal, and it has greater urgency than ever. Through building better alumni networks, gathering support from the surrounding community and associating with other collegiate and local papers, every publication should press hard for the safe harbor of self-sufficiency.
It may well be legally true that a university which underwrites a college paper has the right to influence its content. Indeed, it is perfectly understandable why administrators would want that authority. But however the legal wrangling turns out, no matter how great the urge to interfere, the principles of higher education demand that papers be allowed their successes and failures — independently.