Things just seemed a little backwards for the Virginia volleyball team this week.

The Cavaliers easily sent a mediocre Virginia Tech team packing 3-0 Tuesday in what would normally be considered a routine ACC contest. For this lopsided match, however, Memorial Gymnasium was uncharacteristically packed with banners, singing school children and a rare TV camera.

The occasion was the first game of the Commonwealth Challenge, a year-long, multi-sport showdown between the two local ACC schools who will vie for points leading up to the final title. Virginia’s win puts the University half a point ahead of the Hokies in what sponsors hope will be an ongoing tradition.

From the Cavaliers’ perspective, though, the match that really matters will be played this Friday — without the noise and media attention. The Cavaliers are preparing to host No. 2 Duke, who knocked them out of the 2004 ACC Tournament. Besides a chance at revenge, a win at Mem Gym could seriously boost Virginia’s hopes of a conference title.

“I hope we can make it a good match,” coach Melissa Aldrich Shelton said. “Duke is doing very well. They’ve got a great offensive scheme that we’re working on countering defensively. If we can do that, it should be a fantastic match.”

If the past week has been any indication, the Cavaliers should be able to counter with an offensive punch of their own. One of the team’s standouts against the Hokies was junior Lindsay Osco, an outside hitter who tallied 16 kills, five digs, three assists, two blocks and a service ace.

Virginia also counted on sophomore Sarah Kirkwood, who added 15 kills and three service aces. Together, Kirkwood and Osco combined for 31 of the team’s 57 kills in the match.

“The momentum really kept us going [Tuesday night],” Osco said. “We started out a little shaky, but once we got back in the rhythm from [last weekend's matches] it was helpful.”

Shelton also looked to her bench to fill in for injured starters -– a move that let the entire team gain valuable experience before the season’s home stretch.

“Injuries have dictated that we have to go to our bench,” Shelton said. “We’ve had to play people out of position and bring in other girls. But I think it will really pay off in the second round of ACC play when we can move things around and show people what we’ve got.”

Even though some injuries still remain, most notably the season-ending ligament tears of senior co-captain Kristin Chaney, the Cavaliers have largely regained their starting lineup as they prepare for Duke.

“It’s really helpful that all the girls are back, except for Kristin,” Osco said. “With other girls back, especially our middles, we’re looking for a good game.”

The Cavaliers will need all the help they can get to keep the Blue Devils’ powerful offense under control. Duke is 9-3 overall, 3-1 in the ACC and riding a three-game winning streak. If Shelton has her way, though, Virginia’s injury-free lineup and high-flying outside hitters should give fans an eyeful — even without the banners or TV cameras.

One of the biggest contributors to the Virginia men’s soccer team thus far has been senior midfielder Joe Vide. A three-year veteran of the Cavaliers, Vide already has notched a goal and two assists in the 2005 campaign. Although he is not considered a main goal-scoring threat, Vide’s versatility and athleticism make him an invaluable asset to the team.

Virginia coach George Gelnovatch has witnessed both Vide’s commitment to the team and his development as a player the past three seasons.

“He’s been around longer than anyone else,” Gelnovatch said. “He’s fitted for his role. He’s an all-around midfielder. He’s a playmaker, he’s a chaser.”

Throughout his career, Vide has established himself as a playmaker, not necessarily a goal-scoring threat, as he has scored just three goals in his career.

“The one thing he’s not is a goal scorer,” Gelnovatch said. “In the role that he’s playing, that’s okay. In fact, he got a goal the other night [against Mount St. Mary's]. He really helps us.”

Despite scoring infrequently, Vide has always found other ways to contribute. He already has a pair of assists this season and has grown into his role as a leader on the field. Leadership is a trait Gelnovatch probably is looking for, considering Vide is one of just two seniors on the team.

“I’m not big on the whole ‘I’m a senior’ thing,” Vide said. “We don’t have that. Everyone is just kind of equal. I do share knowledge from my experience with some of the younger players.”

Vide certainly has a wealth of experience that will help him continue to advise the less experienced players. Virginia has been to the ACC Tournament each season of Vide’s career.

“My best memories are the ACC Championships,” Vide said. “All three years I’ve been to the finals, and I have two rings, so I can’t complain.”

Vide’s memories of his soccer career, however, consist of more than his three years as a Cavalier. Before coming to Virginia in the fall of 2002, Vide played for the Munich 1860 “A Team” for three years. The league in which Vide played was one level below professional. During this time, Vide lived by himself and passed on an opportunity to play professionally so that he could come to Virginia.

“I think [playing in Munich] made the transition to college life a lot easier since I had been living on my own for three years,” he said. “So coming in by myself was not very hard for me.”

Certainly, Vide has carried his success from Munich to Charlottesville. However, he is still not satisfied with reliving all of the team’s accomplishments over the past three years. Instead, Vide and the rest of the Cavaliers will carry their 7-1-2 (3-0-0) record into Clemson tonight and look to knock off another conference foe.

Clemson is coming off of a 7-1 blowout of Jacksonville. The Tigers have struggled in conference play, falling to Maryland, North Carolina and N.C. State by a combined score of 6-0.

Virginia will try to continue that trend as it looks to defend its spot atop the ACC conference and its ranking as the No. 6 team in the nation.

“Clemson is an ACC opponent,” Vide said. “We need to win that game. We should bounce back fine [from the 2-2 tie against Monmouth] and come back with a win.”

Following up their success so far this season against ACC rivals and featuring the versatility of a player like Vide, the Cavaliers hope to maintain their lead in the ACC and gear up for a big homestretch. Success throughout the remainder of the season could mean another top seed in the ACC Tournament, and perhaps another ACC Championship ring for Vide.

Winning college football games is a little like knocking down dominos. Set up 11 in a row and then go out and try to knock them all over. If the dominos — or games — are set up correctly and properly prepared for, all 11 will get knocked down. If any of them are out of place, the chain halts and must be restarted. While knocking over 11 dominos in succession is rather easy, winning 11 straight football games — unless you’re USC — is nearly impossible.

Virginia didn’t have too much trouble knocking over the first three “dominos” of its 2005 season, but the Cavaliers found the fourth one, a 45-33 loss at Maryland last weekend, to be a little out of place.

Now, with Virginia staring down the barrel of games like No. 18 Boston College (4-1, 1-1 ACC) Saturday, No. 4 Florida State (4-0, 2-0) and at much improved North Carolina (2-2, 1-1), the first losing domino that fell at Maryland could prove to be costly to the Cavaliers’ postseason hopes.

Saturday, Virginia hopes to restart its domino chain of victories enjoyed early in the season against a Boston College team that is as big and physical as any Virginia has faced. Since starting quarterback Quinton Porter injured his ankle in a 28-17 loss against Florida State on Sept. 17, the Eagles have leaned more on their punishing offensive line to clear paths for sophomore running backs L.V. Whitworth and Andre Callender, who combined have rushed for 627 yards through five games. The Eagle’s hulking offensive line starts three players who are 6-foot-7 or taller, a fact that has caught the attention of the Virginia defense, as well as head coach Al Groh.

“Boston College — they’re some big boys,” redshirt freshman linebacker Clint Sintim said. “I’ve seen a little bit of tape on them already — they’re big physical kids. I know from what I’ve seen that they like to run the ball at you. They’re not scared from contact. They’re a big physical team. But at the same time, I do think we’re a big physical team as well.”

Groh also focused on BC’s physical nature.

“One of the biggest [BC threats] is just size and power,” Groh said. “That’s the nature of their game. That’s how they’re geared … to play with size and power, to try to overwhelm the other team physically with size and with numbers.”

The line also has been counted on to provide protection for incumbent sophomore quarterback Matt Ryan, who in Porter’s absence has led the Eagles to two straight victories. His first victory also happened to be BC’s inaugural ACC win, a 16-13 overtime victory at Clemson two weeks ago. Ryan had no trouble functioning in raucous “Death Valley,” nor did he struggle last week playing at home in the friendly confines of Alumni Stadium, directing a 38-0 trouncing of Ball State in which he threw for 206 yards and one touchdown while rushing for two more.

Even so, Virginia’s players look poised to knock over the next domino in line.

“This is going to be a very exciting week for us — it’s going to be a bounce-back week,” Sintim said. “Me personally, I’m going to need a better performance, and I’m sure a lot of other members of our defense are going to do the same.”

Oil. Steak. Football. Field Hockey? Texas is not known around the country for its top-notch field hockey, but in certain pockets, the Lone Star State has produced some of the game’s elite players.

Virginia sports two of these players, senior Katie Phillips and junior Erin Hayes. The two attended Trinity Valley School in Fort Worth, Texas.

But finding other upper-level field hockey high schools is no easy task.

“It’s a private school sport,” Hayes said. “There are only 12 teams [in Texas], maybe less. We have to travel down to Houston — which is five hours —for the weekend and play all the teams down there. And we’d have to travel up to Oklahoma too.”

The long road trips proved worthwhile, as TVS won the Southern Preparatory Conference Championship three consecutive years, from 2000-2002.

Phillips was the team MVP each of her final three seasons at TVS and set school records in goals, assists and points. Hayes captained the 2002 championship team and was named the Dallas Morning News’s Player of the Year.

In 2002, Phillips was elected to the TVS Athletic Hall of Fame, and Hayes joined her in 2004.

Despite these accomplishments, gaining exposure from major college programs was a difficult endeavor.

“You go play tournaments in the summer and hope that somebody notices you because they’re never going to come to your high school games,” Phillips said.

Hayes credited the team’s coach with helping the two make their skills and desire to play field hockey in the ACC known to the right people.

After attending countless camps and writing letters to several coaches, Phillips found herself at Virginia, with Hayes following a year later.

“I was looking around the ACC — I came up here and [Phillips] showed me around the school and I really liked it,” Hayes said. “Virginia’s sort of a dream school — to be able to play athletics and go to the school of your choice.”

In the past eight years, TVS has sent four others aside from Phillips and Hayes to Division I field hockey programs. Abby Crawford, who played for the Cavaliers in 1999, is also a TVS graduate.

The two current TVS alumnae at Virginia also have benefited from hailing from the same hometown.

“It’s fun to be on the same team,” Hayes said. “It’s fun to have someone you know. When we do go home, it’s someone to work out with or someone to keep track of.”

Phillips is tied for 10th all-time in the Virginia record books with 35 career goals. Hayes anchors the defensive backfield for the Cavaliers and has started every game in the past two seasons.

The two will lead the Cavaliers Saturday against the University of Pennsylvania Quakers. Penn is 5-5 overall.

Recently, the Quakers fell, 3-1, to No. 2 Maryland but came back with a 3-2 win over then-No. 16 Villanova.

“It’s going to be a tough game, and it’s a big one for us,” Virginia coach Jess Wilk said. “I’m glad it’s at home, but they’re a tough team, and we’re going to have two good days of preparation prior to [playing Penn].”

A lot has changed in the cable world in my two decades of watching TV. Now, MTV gives equal time to “Super Sweet Sixteen” and music videos. Relinquishing its rep as the crappy MTV, VH1 now specializes in sarcastic clip shows and the parading of strung-out celebrities. Comedy Central is through being a never-ending broadcast of old “Saturday Night Lives” with the occasional Cheech and Chong movie. But nothing compares to the hegemonic rise in power of ESPN in the sports marketplace.

I know what you are thinking out there. “Duh. We know how they are the U.S. Steel of sports information and entertainment. We’re watching/reading/listening, too. Maybe next week you could inform us that the NFL is popular.”

These are all fair points, but what is notable and worth writing about is that last Friday, Mark Shapiro — the No. 2 man at ESPN — cleaned out his desk. Maybe he had already done it before last Friday, or maybe he had told an intern to do it. Either way, he soon will have a new office, as he is now employed by Redskins owner Dan Snyder and Snyder’s start-up-company Red Zone LLC.

Why should you know Mark Shapiro? For one, he went from being a production assistant on Jim Rome’s “Talk2″ in 1993 to being the second most powerful person at ESPN behind president George Bodenheim. For those of you who don’t know Jim Rome, this is the equivalent of being elected vice president of the United States 12 years from now after starting out as an intern in the Post Master General’s Office, except the post master general is obnoxious and has nothing interesting to say.

Why else should you know Mark Shapiro? Without him, we wouldn’t have “Pardon the Interruption,” “Around the Horn,” “Outside the Lines” or the “Sports Century” series. We wouldn’t have been privileged to that one glorious season of “Playmakers,” the only show I simultaneously knew was absolutely awful and yet never missed an episode. I was giddy when my friend Josh bought it. (Note to Shapiro: You never shipped it. You owe us DVDs with D.H. and Olcyzk and McConnell and you owe us those DVDs now.) Behind the scenes, Shapiro has been instrumental in the negotiation of many of ESPN’s most important deals, including the recent acquisition of “Monday Night Football” after three decades on ABC, which according to the New York Post, was a deal estimated at $8.8 billion. Not bad for a guy who started at the bottom and is currently just 35 years old.

There have been some misses along the way: “3,” “The Junction Boys,” “Tilt,” “Cold Pizza” or “Hustle”. OK, there have been a lot of misses. As much as I liked Norman Chad reminding me that the Matador roped in young bulls and cut them down every five minutes, a little less on the promo budget and a little more on the casting, script, and, well, everything else, would’ve gone a long way. (But the toned-down nature of last night’s “Four Minutes” was a nice change of pace. Still didn’t watch it, though.)

The first task in Shapiro’s new journey concerns the Six Flags amusement park chain. As the Washington Post and numerous other publications have reported, “Redskins owner Daniel Snyder’s bid to gain control of a struggling theme park company could be the first step in building a family entertainment empire that tries to emulate the variety and success of enterprises like Walt Disney Co.” (No shot at Shapiro’s former company there or anything). Only time will tell if leaving ESPN was the right move for Shapiro. I’m from Connecticut, and while I love Lake Compounce as much as the next guy, Bristol isn’t exactly the most fun place to live (unless you have a fascination with amusement parks made to look like 18th-century Dutch villages).

Whether Red Zone LLC works out or not, the legacy of Mark Shapiro’s tenure at ESPN will always be the explosion and depth of programming content he developed, as well as the modern ESPN brand we addicts know and love — can anyone think “hot seat” and not think “Budweiser” anymore? Who knows, maybe 10 years from now HBO, Fox Sports, Comcast, the NFL Network, College Sports Network, NBATV or the upstart Outdoor Life Network (hey, they have hockey and cycling) will have taken ESPN down a peg and we’ll look back on Shapiro leaving as an end of an era. Maybe not. Either way, the next time you’re watching The World Wide Leader in Sports, look for some of the innovations from the man who helped make them just that. You won’t have to look that hard.

It is not controversial to state that smoking tobacco is a serious health risk with long-term consequences for an individual’s health. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 440,000 people in the United States die from a smoking-attributable illness each year, which amounts to 5.6 million years of potential life lost and $92 billion in lost productivity. Smoking is known as the number one cause of preventable death and not only afflicts individual users, but also has detrimental health effects for innocent bystanders. What is often lost in the deluge of statistics, however, is the biology behind the effects of smoking cigarettes and illness. Surprisingly, smoking cigarettes has health benefits, yet it should be noted that these do not outweigh the systemically harmful effects to the human body.

With every puff of a cigarette, one receives acute doses of tar and carbon monoxide, the major contributors to the enormous increased risk of cardiovascular and lung disease associated with smoking. Each draw of a cigarette also yields a dose of nicotine, a neurologically active factor that is most often cited as the addictive agent in cigarettes. Nicotine often is given a bad name because of its addictive properties in conjunction with the ill effects of tar and carbon monoxide. Nicotine, however, like most agents that act on the central nervous system, has positive effects as well as negative effects.

In the body, nicotine binds to a class of receptors known as cholinergic receptors. In fact, one of the two constituents of this receptor class, the nicotinic cholinergic receptor, was named specifically because nicotine can activate the receptor (the other is the muscarinic receptors). Nicotinic cholinergic receptor activation results in a number of molecular and physiological effects including increased release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and to a lesser extent norepinephrine, increased cognitive arousal and heart rate, as reported in the Journal of Neurobiology. Considering that dopamine is intimately involved in reward pathways, it is not unexpected that nicotine has addictive properties.

The positive health effects of nicotine originate from its physiological effects. Many studies have demonstrated a correlation between smoking and decreased risks of both Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease according to Fratiglioni et al. Nicotine, primarily through its effects on dopamine, has direct application to Parkinson’s as the symptoms of the disease stem from a loss of dopamine producing neurons in a region of the brain called the substantia-nigra. Further, it is likely that the cognitive arousal results in neuronal activation, providing protection against Alzheimer’s disease through a “use it or lose it” phenomenon. Speer et al. showed that smoking even reduces the risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy, likely through reduced adhesion molecule expression.

What truly makes the phenomenon of smoking interesting is that it has a positive impact upon mental illness. To support that correlation, many researchers, including Lasser et al. , have found that cigarette use is higher in select mentally-ill populations. Given that nicotine may reduce the sensation of pain, increase temporary attention resources through arousal and decrease anxiety possibly through desensitization of the stress response, cigarette smoking may be a form of self-medication for mild mental illness. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that smoking may ameliorate some of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia according to Sacco et al. . The act of smoking may itself be a treatment for our own mental maladies as slow breathing may reduce perceived levels of stress and anxiety, in addition to the biological effects of nicotine. One should not smoke, but the positive cognitive effects of smoking may help explain why it is still a prevalent phenomenon despite the very dangerous health risks involved.

Michael can be reached atmichaelmcduffie@cavalierdaily.com.

Long lines at the doctor’s office, people sniffling and coughing wherever you go and newspaper headlines publicizing the flu vaccination shortages — these are only some of characteristics of last year’s flu season. Get ready — the beginning of October marks the start of another flu season. And with the flu and cold symptoms come a long strew of treatment possibilities, one of them being ascorbic acid, more commonly known as vitamin C.

It’s in your Florida orange juice, your V8 and those leafy greens in your salad. As a necessary antioxidant, vitamin C is very important for normal growth, and its deficiency is often linked with scurvy and periodontitis (gum disease), among other diseases.

Since it was first isolated in the late 1920s, some have accepted it as a means of prevention and treatment of the common cold. But how effective is this treatment?

In actuality, vitamin C may not help the general population suffering from the common cold or flu, according to a compilation of 55 studies.

WebMD reports that children regularly taking vitamin C showed cold symptoms for 14 percent fewer days, while for adults, only 8 percent showed an improvement. The vitamin C did not prevent the cold; it only shortened the duration of the cold in those who took doses of the vitamin daily (up to 2 grams). The only exceptions were people who were frequently exposed to cold temperatures, such as marathon runners or soldiers.

Besides pills, fizzy drinks and energy booster powders containing vitamin C are also popular options.

First-year College student Erica Lee takes an energy booster known as Emer’gen-C. The powder contains 1,000 mg of Vitamin C in the form of seven ascorbates, as well as other minerals.

“I used to just take this when I was sick, but now I take [Emer'gen-C] everyday,” Lee said. “My mom owns a Tropical Smoothie Café, and they put these in their ‘Morning After’ smoothies, so she gave them to me so they can keep me healthier if I’m sick.”

As for treatment of colds with large doses of vitamin C at the onset, the results are still questionable, with most researchers saying that such treatment is ineffective.

But the latest research shows that ascorbic acid may have some usefulness as a treatment for something else: cancer.

The Sept. 12 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that ascorbic acid, when injected intravenously, can be extremely effective in indirectly killing cancer cells. The study, conducted at the National Institute of Health, has reopened the possibilities for cancer treatment after vitamin C was discarded as a treatment possibility 20 years ago.

The study shows that vitamin C acts indirectly by generating peroxide, which induces cell death extracellularly, from the outside of cancer cells. Almost 100 percent of lymphoma cells were killed, while surprisingly, normal cells were left relatively unaffected.

Results of a similar test showed that the mechanism by which ascorbic acid targets cancer cells does not lead to accumulation of peroxide in the blood, rendering the fact that intravenous ascorbic acid may be a safe and effective agent against cancer. In this way, it is believed that ascorbic acid can act similarly in vivo, as a “pro-drug” for peroxide transport to tissues.

Oral dosage of vitamin C, on the other hand, may not be as effective because of limited absorption by the intestine. Thus, the intravenous ascorbic acid, which can be given in higher concentrations, is being considered as a possible treatment option.

Until further studies are conducted, it is still uncertain whether vitamin C truly can offer possibilities for those suffering from cancer. As for the cold, vitamin C does not do all that we thought it could. Ring out the cold and ring in the new — possibilities, that is.

As local property management companies initiate lease kick-offs for the 2006-07 academic year this week, students looking for off-Grounds housing can expect the usual high demand accompanied by plenty of choice, according to Off-Grounds Housing Manager Vicki Hawes.

Hawes described the market this year as fairly soft and said there are still options available for the current year.

While demand is historically high for properties on Venable Lane and Wertland Street, Hawes said there is plenty of choice for students.

“Urban legend has it that you have to sign a lease in October, but you may be able to extend it to December or January for certain areas,” he said.

According to Hawes, virtually all students who want off-Grounds housing are able to find it, though they may not be able to live in the most popular areas.

Changes in zoning regulations in the past few years have allowed developers to replace single-family dwellings with buildings consisting of multiple apartments, Hawes said. More apartment rooms have allowed for more availability, and Hawes said he suspects rent rates may not be increasing at the high rate they have been in prior years.

Some students, however, are frustrated by what they view as high rents for apartments.

“So far this year, the availability appears to be there with all the new buildings being built, but the prices are so high that availability seems moot,” third-year Commerce student Jennifer Groome said.

Groome said she thinks apartments on the Corner are so expensive that the advantage of convenience simply is not worth the high cost of living, while Jefferson Park Avenue boasts “nicer apartments with significantly lower rent.”

Amanda Hester of Woodard Properties also said she thinks there are more apartments available this year and that demand this year is about the same as it was last year.

“People interested in properties are put on contact lists and are normally able to find what they like,” Hester said, adding that the market is especially competitive on 14th Street.

Wade Apartments General Manager Wade Tremblay agreed that the overall market offers plenty of housing but noted a recent removal of certain properties.

“There’s been a reduction in housing, as certain developments are scheduled to be demolished and others have already been torn down,” Tremblay said, citing the scheduled demolition of Wahoo Park Apartments on 15th Street.

“There isn’t a need for students to sign a lease today or tomorrow,” Tremblay said. “There are plenty of apartments out there.”

An Academic Bill of Rights — calling on universities to ensure students hear dissenting viewpoints from their professors and that students and professors are not discriminated against for their point of view — is making its way through the U.S. House of Representatives.

The Bill of Rights was adopted in June by the House Committee on Education and Workforce, which tacked the measure to the Higher Education Reauthorization Act.

The bill’s sponsor, David Horowitz, executive director of Students for Academic Freedom and a prominent self-proclaimed “hot-button conservative” commentator, said the aim of his bill is to get universities to take action on their own to make their classrooms more professional.

“The legislation is just a way of getting universities to do the right thing,” Horowitz said. “If the University of Virginia lives up to its own precepts, there will be no legislation, but if the Virginia legislature starts talking about the importance of talking about behaving professionally in the classroom, it is going to be a lot harder for them to get the funding they need.”

The measure is a resolution and calls for no specific punitive action for non-compliance. It calls on schools to adhere to eight principles, including not hiring or firing faculty or grading students differently for their point of view, incorporating balanced reading lists and lectures as well as exposing students to different scholarly viewpoints.

Still, some reject the approach as heavy-handed and say they think it is unnecessary, particularly at the University.

“Here on this campus, I don’t think we have a problem of muzzling points of view or a monotony of points of view,” Politics Prof. William Quandt said.

According to Quandt, in 10 years he has only seen one instance at the University in which a professor discriminated against students for their point of view.

In that case, Quandt said, the undergraduate advisor allowed students to petition for a grade change, and a committee was convened to review exams and papers and re-grade them.

In some sensitive subject areas, like studies of the Middle East, the focus on objectivity is particularly intense.

“Most Middle East studies organizations are all hostile to, for example, the current Bush administration policy and the war on terror,” Campus Watch Director Alex Joffee said.

Campus Watch is a national group that aims to monitor professors who teach Middle Eastern studies for bias.

“They are all fairly negative regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict generally and ascribe most of the problem to the Israeli side in various forms,” Joffee said.

Sometimes this intense scrutiny on balance can result in misunderstandings.

Quandt is listed “Discover the Networks,” a Web site maintained by Horowitz. The site characterizes Quandt as both “anti-Israel” and of making “false assertions” about Palestine. The site, which includes numerous prominent scholars on the left, also includes profiles of infamous figures such as Osama bin Laden.

“I don’t like his Web site obviously,” Quandt said. “I think it is disgraceful to put people in the categories they associate me with. As a professor in the classroom, I make sure that I present more then my own personal point of view, and I try to bring other points of view — and I do realize this is a controversial topic. I want to make sure that I am not loading the deck.”

After reviewing Quandt’s profile, Horowitz acknowledged problems and said he would take action to remove or amend it.

“This is an inadequate profile,” Horowitz said. “Right now it’s just an assertion that Quandt has these views. I’d like to see examples of his views. When they give me that I’ll make a judgment as to whether they qualify as anti-Israel rather than just critical of Israel.”

Yet Horowitz said sometimes his stance gets misconstrued. When he was a student at Columbia University, Horowitz was a known Marxist communist and said professors respected his opinion.

“My professors treated me well — they didn’t say, ‘Horowitz you are a Communist,’ the things Republicans are subjected to today,” Horowitz said. “I wasn’t abused, and I’m grateful for this.”

Quandt said he does not see a problem.

“He’s riding hobby horse, I just don’t think it’s a problem,” Quandt said.

Horowitz said he has been approached by Virginia legislators and may urge the introduction of the legislation in the Commonwealth.

“I can’t predict how the Campus Bill of Rights will impact a particular environment,” Joffee said. “I think that raising the issue is very useful and salutary, and raising the issue will open up some necessary amount of debate regarding the lack of pluralism within the universities.”