Last week, tableau participated in an exclusive conference call with Julie Taymor, Tony award-winning director of the new movie Across the Universe.
With a soundtrack composed wholly of Beatles’ songs, Across the Universe reflects the politics, radicalism and free love of the 1960s. Perhaps most famous for directing The Lion King on Broadway, Taymor set out to tell the story of star-crossed lovers Jude and Lucy and the era that both defined them and tore them apart.
College journalists around the country posed questions to Taymor about everything from the cinematic techniques of the film to her experience growing up in the 60s.
Shelly: How will today’s youth be affected by this film?
Entertainment can be not only fun and entertaining; it can cause discussion. I think the first thing is for people to start discussing what they’ve seen and what the differences [are] between the times in the 60s [and now]. And the war and how change was made; change was started by the youth movement. It’s not just about the Iraq war; we have many issues that really need to be discussed openly and actively. So I think you begin with that.
Katie Sharon: What makes Across the Universe unique from other films that are out today?
First of all, it’s a musical. Well, I would say it’s more of a rock opera than a musical because its story is all told through the lyrics. It’s only got a half-hour of dialogue and I don’t know if you know this, but 80-90 percent of it is sung live; it’s not lip-synched. That’s different than the other musicals. We really tried to have the actors do the songs and the dialogue on location so that it would feel very real and there would be no disconnect between the dialogue and the singingâ¦Hopefully it is a very fun, engaging, and entertaining movie, but also it’s got some content that is very current today, even though the movie is set in the 60s. Without being didactic, it’s got some strong social and political statements to make within this entertainment context, as opposed to the way a lot of our movies are either raw, pure entertainment without content, without much to talk about, nothing to really say (which I love too, by the way- I’m absolutely for fun, just raw comedy) or we have very serious movies where you’ve got to know when you’re going in [saying to yourself], “ok, I’ve gotta think here.” And hopefully Across the Universe does both. It’s romantic, it’s, I hope, very entertaining, but also the way that it’s told is unlike any other movie. We use techniques, we use a style; it is surrealism and realism and fantasy and craziness in a way that I don’t think a lot of movies [are].
Clint: You narrowed from 200 down to 33 songs. Were there any particular songs that you really wanted to put in there that might not have fit into the story?
There were a number of those songs. There were some great ones that we considered early in the screenwriting phase like “Yesterday”. We had the comedy of “Sergeant Pepper” right after the Columbia riots, but comedy at that moment was not appropriate⦠The songs are in the movie to tell a story, so the songs that I really adore outside of it- there are plenty of them- at this time we didn’t need for the screenplay.
Reinier Hernandez, Florida International University: What determined which song went with which scene? Were the individual songs chosen to fit the story or did you write the story around the songs?
You kind of have it both ways. It started with the premise that we could set this musical using the Beatles catalogue in the 60s and this simple- actually NOT simple- love story. Then, for the expansion of the story, we listened to these songs, and when songs were found some of the characters in the story were created around those songs. Jude wasn’t created for “Revolution”, but because the story of their love affair falling apart centered around the differences between Lucy being an activist and Jude being much more about being an artist and not being someone who fights for a cause necessarily, “Revolution” seemed like a perfect song to express that sentiment. So the scene in the SDR office (Students for Democratic Republic), which was SDS (Students for Democratic Society) originally, that scene came because I knew the song existed. I loved “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”, and when we thought about the placement of that song after “Revolution” and the whole notion of that incredible time of violence, the Martin Luther King assassination seemed a perfect jumping off point for a song that was both intimate, about the personal disaster that was going on between Sadie and JoJo and Jude and Lucy, but also the larger context of what was happening in the country at that time. It was a round-robin; songs suggested characters ([such as] “I Want to Hold Your Hand” and how Prudence was born when I heard that song sung by a woman without the lyrics “I want to be your man” changing). Once [the characters] were developed, you could find songs like “Dear Prudence” that would keep their story going. So it was a really fun thing to figure out, because you’re coming to a place where an action happens like “I Want You” and you think, “I would love an induction center- what’s the perfect song?” It just jumped up. You know, it was a light bulb.
Alison Kaiser, University of Arizona: What are your views on the lack of high-profile female directors in Hollywood? Do you feel that its harder women to break into the industry because it’s so heavily male dominated?
I would love to say no to you, but I think it’s still very tough for women. I think they have to hold on tight and really have a very strong, powerful reason to be doing it- a story they need to tell. What happens with women if they don’t have a big success, is that it’s much harder for them to get their second or third film made. It is definitely still male-dominated, but there are a lot of young women who are moving in, so I think it will change. But I can’t say it’s just easy street.
Jesse Morrison: How did you success concerning the collaboration with Disney on the Lion King prepare you for the negotiation process with Revolution concerning the highly-publicized edit?
(laughter) Too personal! Look, all I can say is that I’m not the only director who went through this kind of struggle in the final part of post-production. I am a director who does theatre, opera, and film, and therefore for me what is absolutely important is to hang tight and stay true to what I believe in and what I think the vision of the film is; and I really believe that it has commercial potential, and without compromise. I do compromise if I believe in the compromise- there’s no problem with that. It’s not that you have to be hard-nosed about it. I still think I knew the film was working in the way that it had been cut, and I was very pleased that finally Sony and Revolution backed that cut. So all I can say is that I come from other disciplines and I’ve been allowed to fulfill my visions in those disciplines and I wanted to be able to do that with this movie because I’m very passionate about it.
Daniel Schwartz, University of Pennsylvania: I was curious to know what your take is on the differences between TV and live-action theatre and recording on film?
Well, I love bouncing back and forth from one medium to another because each of the mediums gives me different tools to work with. [In Across the Universe] you can see the use of animation, computer-generated imagery, stock footage mixed with live-action realistic filmmaking. It’s a combination of naturalism and all those elements because cinema gives me that power that tool to do that. And I think that because we’ve got those tools you can REALLY be expressionistic and theatrical- not theatre-like, when I say theatrical I don’t mean its like theatre. You know, something like “Strawberry Fields” I could never do in theatre. A lot of the imagery that I do in Across the Universe, I cannot do in theatre. When I do theatre, I do what theatre does best; in something like The Lion King, [which] is highly stylized, you actually see the mechanics. You see the strings, you see the rods, and you see that they’re puppets and masks. In Across the Universe, there’s very little puppetry, but what you see is actually based on reality on the Bread and Puppet theatre of the period, the marches on Washington. Those aren’t my puppets. Those are actually recreations of the real Bread and Puppet theatre from the 60s and 70s. [Across the Universe] is shot on seventy locations or more and its shot as a real movie-movie- as is Titus. Titus is very different than “Titus Andronicus” the way that I did it in the theatre. So I try and adapt to what each medium does that the other one doesn’t.
Lizzie West: How do you think that the Beatles generation will think of the movie?
So far, so good. I’ve seen it with people that are of the age of the 60′s- my brother and sister’s age. I think this movie should appeal to everybody from ten years old up until 95, because if you lived in that time then it’s reminiscent⦠I think very few people will feel that you can’t touch the original [songs], because for forty years there have been amazing covers of the Beatles songs. Good ones and bad ones. You know, really, David Bowie, Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Fiona Apple- there’ve been unbelievable different versions of these phenomenal songs, which can transcend the performers, meaning that good renditions are good renditions because the songs are great. And the people who lived in that time, I think they’ll love going and find it deeply moving and connect to it on a spiritual level and political level. And the fact that it’s playing to college-aged and younger is what really makes all of us who worked on it extremely happy because it’s about young people, and times don’t change that much, unfortunately. And so if the story worked and the music worked for college students and younger, I think that’s what we’re really most delighted about, but I don’t think it’s going to work any less for older people. I think they will hopefully consider it well-done, well-performed, well-sung, and a story worth telling again.
Ilola: what did you do to make a movie set in the 60s relevant to a modern audience?
I don’t think The Beatles songs date. I think they’re too good to date. I think that the lyrics and the music are just so fresh always, you can do bad versions of them, but you can’t destroy the songs. “If I Fell in Love with You” is going to speak to any young girl who’s falling in love and has some doubts about it because she’s just been hurt or these songs like “I am a Walrus” and “Strawberry Fields” and “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”, the kind-of psychedelic songs, are still whacked out and absurdist and poetic and weird and fun and as mystifying as they ever were. So what makes them appealing is that hopefully the story is a good story and that the performers- we’ve got Bono, Eddie Izzard, Salma Hayek, and Joe Cocker, as well as Evan Rachel Wood, who a lot of people know, but we’ve introduced five new phenomenal young actors star singers. And Jim Sturgess is seeming to blow everybody away. He’s just a brilliant actor; he’s coming out in three more big movies after this. He’s the lead in 21 and he’s in The Other Boleyn Girl, and this kid, this guy, can really sing and act. He’s as good as they get. It’s really the story told through the songs, and if you feel them, if you’re entertained by them, and they provoke thought, then it will speak to this young audience, or any audience, and get them into the movie. I don’t think anything is dated about this movie, especially the war, which is very unfortunate.
Anne, San Diego: Why is my generation so fascinated by the 60s?
The thing is that right now kids have tremendous independence and they don’t have to find their parents for much. In the 60s, they were coming out of this really conservative time and everything was a rebellion. Everything was a rebellion- from your hair to your values to whether your wanted to think about your future or not, you just wanted to “be” as they say. I think that what’s appealing is to see a generation of revolutionaries, of people who are now very conservative. I mean honestly, it’s your parents. Or your parents’ parents. And what happened to those people? I don’t know. At that time in the 60s it was very cool to be smart. It was very cool to be arrogant, to be rebellious, to be out there doing what you wanted to do, to come up against the authority. It’s not just that it was cool; it was what you had to do to be an individual. There were all these movements of free love; that was the first time women were getting birth control, there was a women’s movement, black power movement, you know the racial situation was being shaken up in the early 60′s, obviously the anti-war movement. But with all these movements going, it was a time of unbelievable change, and the change was coming from youth. Now, youth always have that power, they always have it, but they have to go up and grab it and they have to go up against the authority. We have a very insidious authority right now, with complete control over the media. We have an Internet that keeps people connected, but on the other hand, it keeps people separated. Together but separated. And when you had to go out and really get together in the streets or in these very volatile situations, it caused fires. It caused a lot of sparks and a lot of danger. I think young people are always going to be attracted to what that is like, and you know if [the film] sets off a wave of excitement, we’d all be really, really happy about that.
Jacob, Tufts University: How do you feel about this generation’s reaction to this war?
Well, I think it’s pretty quiet. Because its fairly obvious that the draft in the 60s was one of the reasons that got people out protesting, because everybody could be drafted. And right now, it’s our poor and unemployedâ¦who are going to fight this war in Iraq or who are going to enlist in the army or marines or whatever. If they had to put a draft in, I think the Bush administration, and everybody, knows that there would be an uproar. There would be an uproar! It’s not just Americans; most people have to have something happen to them personally before they become active. You know, they have to feel it, either from their fathers or brothers or sons or sisters now. I think that would be a tremendous difference. I don’t think fundamentally people ever are different, but they do respond to what happens to them on a personal level, and that is the big difference between then and now. I also think our media has become⦠totalitarian. I’m not trying to be an alarmist or conspiracy theorist, butâ¦there’s less of that independent talk that there was in the 60s. And we do not have songwriters and artists doing as much protest song and material as we used to.
Brittany Moseley, Kent State University: What was your story to tell for this movie? Why was this so important to tell?
I really believe in this story. The characters of Lucy and Max are loosely based on my older brother and sister. My sister was a radical; she was in SDS. My brother was a dropout from Johns Hopkins, a double-triple-type dropout, a musician and a cab driver. I lived as the younger sister by five or six years. I watched my parents go through this insanity of the 60s with the drugs and the war, and it made a huge impression on me. Most of my projects are not personally about me at all; I’ve done ones in Africa, Asia, and Mexicoâ¦It’s not about my history; it’s about ideas, values, stories that I want to tell. As a director you spend two are three years of your life so immersed that you better love it. And you have to believe in it, because all along the way it gets chipped at. You have to put blinders on in a way. Especially if it’s not obvious or normally commercial or what everybody thinks they know. I’m not into that. I’m into giving people- and hopefully educating them in- something they didn’t even know they wanted. They’re through my minds-eye, my own vision that hopefully will speak to a lot of people. I’m not talking about being narcissistic and just doing things for your own self; I love to communicate to a lot of people, but I also want them to see a very clear vision and you have to feel strongly about something in order to hang onto that vision.
Taylor: Were there any specific occurrences in the 60s that you witnessed that inspired any of those images?
Oh sure! I saw the marches with the Bread and Puppet Theater with the giant LBJ and the skeletons and the death characters. I was a part of that in the 70sâ¦with the crying Vietnamese ladies- the giant, giant Vietnamese ladies. You know, the idea that you could do these huge protests against the war with these giant theatrical images that moved people was very inspiring to me. I obviously saw The Beatles on television, on the Ed Sullivan show with all those screaming girls. My older sister was one of them when she was younger, and then she became a very serious protester and radical. I watched my sister transform, like Lucy, from this innocent high school girl into someone who really became an impassioned political active person. And that made a big impression on me as a young girl watching my older sister. All of these things were something that I experienced all the people around me going through. The Vietnam War was on television; [I watched] the protests, Kent State, and the violence that came out at the end of the 60s when the protest movements were failing. So, I wasn’t necessarily directly involved, but I was living at the time and was deeply affected by what I saw.
Alison Kaiser, Arizona: The movie looks visually really, really cool. How important was it to you as a director to get it looking visually perfect?
It’s very important that the visuals match the brilliance of the music, and when you’re doing a musical you have to free them to really go out. Because usually musicals have what we call “production numbers” on the page whereâ¦you can either have a solo where it’s really simple or you do have these giant numbers, like in The Lion King, where you see this unbelievable imagery going on that is stemming from the music and the songs. I really felt like The Beatles work, you know, whether its “Yellow Submarine”, “Magical Mystery Tour”, “Help”, they were some of the first music videos ever done, The Beatles. That we should try and jump off of where they began and then go even further if we could. [In "She's So Heavy"], with just an image and one word, I feel like we’re saying something about what it is to carry liberty, whether it’s into Iraq or a third-world nation. It’s a heavy thing to do- to carry that statue, carry that symbol of liberty.
Cavalier Daily: Have you gotten any feedback from Ringo or Paul yet? Were they in the back of your mind while you were making this film?
Yes! All of them have seen it. Ringo was the first to see it early cut, and I wasn’t there, but I heard he really liked it. And particularly he liked “Mr. Kite” with Eddie Izzard. I sat next to Paul McCartney in London in a private screening at Sony and it was the most nerve-wracking, unbelievably difficult screening. I finished the movie and I was very excited because at the end of it, I asked him if there was anything he didn’t like and he said, “What’s not to like?” He loved “Let it Be” and “Mr. Kite”, and he was very knocked out by the performers. That was a thrill. And Yoko, she really liked it. Olivia Harrison wrote me a beautiful letter saying it did not idealize or romanticize the 60′s and how she felt it really helped the legacy of the Beatles music. So that was a wonderful thing to hear. On that front, we’ve been very pleased with the response. And of course it was a big burden to take this music on, and I was constantly thinking were we doing justice to the brilliance of The Beatles music, but it was a fantastic response.